a) nCH3COOH= 0,4(mol)

PTHH: CH3COOH + NaOH -> CH3COONa + H2O

0,4____________0,4(mol)

=> mNaOH=0,4. 40=16(g)

b) nCH3COOH= 1(mol)

nC2H5OH= 100/46= 50/23(mol)

Vì : 1/1< 50/23 :1

=> C2H5OH dư, CH3COOH hết, tính theo nCH3COOH.

PTHH: CH3COOH + C2H5OH \(⇌\) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O (đk: H⁺ , nhiệt độ)

Ta có: nCH3COOC2H5(thực tế)= 0,625(mol)

Mà theo LT: nCH3COOC2H5(LT)= nCH3COOH=1(mol)

=>H= (0,625/1).100=62,5%

Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200}{1000}.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(PTHH:Mg+2HCl--->MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\left(1\right)\)

a. Theo PT₍₁₎: \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,4=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(lít\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b. \(PTHH:2NaOH+MgCl_2--->Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2NaCl\left(2\right)\)

Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{\dfrac{20\%.100}{100\%}}{40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,5}{2}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\)

Vậy NaOH dư.

Theo PT₍₂₎: \(n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2.58=11,6\left(g\right)\)

a: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

200ml=0,2 lít

\(n_{HCl}=0.2\cdot22.4=4.48\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n_{H_2}=2.24\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow m_{H_2}=n_{H_2}\cdot M=2.24\cdot1=2.24\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{MgCl_2}=2.24\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n_{Mg}=2.24\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow m_{Mg}=2.24\cdot24=53.76\left(g\right)\)

a) \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{60.11,2\%}{40}=0,168\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(2NaOH+MgCl_2\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2NaCl\)

            0,168---->0,084----->0,084

b) \(m_{kt}=m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,084.58=4,872\left(g\right)\)

c) \(C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,084.95}{190}.100\%=4,2\%\)

\(a,\) Đặt \(n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)\)

\(\Rightarrow 27x+56y=11(1)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\to FeSO_4+H_2\\ Al_2(SO_4)_3+6NaOH\to 2Al(OH)_3\downarrow+3Na_2SO_4\\ FeSO_4+2NaOH\to Fe(OH)_2\downarrow+Na_2SO_4\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al(OH)_3}=x;n_{Fe(OH)_2}=y\\ \Rightarrow 78x+90y=24,6(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow \begin{cases} x=0,2(mol)\\ y=0,1(mol) \end{cases} \Rightarrow \begin{cases} m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4(g)\\ m_{Fe}=11-5,4=5,6(g) \end{cases}\)

\(b,\Sigma n_{H_2SO_4}=1,5x+y=0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,2}=2(l)\\ c,\Sigma n_{NaOH}=3x+2y=0,8(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,8.40}{10\%}=320(g)\\ d,2Al(OH)_3\xrightarrow{t^o}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\\ Fe(OH)_2\xrightarrow{t^o}FeO+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al_2O_3}=0,1(mol);n_{FeO}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{\text{chất rắn}}=0,1.102+0,1.72=17,4(g)\)

\(n_{AlCl_3}=0.2\cdot1=0.2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{NaOH}=0.5V\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{5.1}{102}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)

\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)

\(0.1...............0.05\)

TH1 : Al(OH)₃ không bị hòa tan.

\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)

\(0.1...........0.3................0.1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow V=\dfrac{0.3}{0.5}=0.6\left(l\right)\)

TH2 : Al(OH)₃ bị hòa tan một phần 
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)

\(0.2...........0.6................0.2\)

\(NaOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)

\(0.5V-0.6...0.5V-0.6\)

\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=0.2+0.5V-0.6=0.1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V=1\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{48,75}{162,5}=0,3(mol)\\ 3NaOH+FeCl_3\to Fe(OH)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe(OH)_3}=0,3(mol);n_{NaOH}=n_{NaCl}=0,9(mol)\\ a,m_{Fe(OH)_3}=0,3.107=32,1(g)\\ b,m_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,9.40}{10\%}=360(g)\\ c,C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,9.58,5}{360+48,75-32,1}.100\%=13,98\%\\ \)

\(d,2Fe(OH)_3+3H_2SO_4\to Fe_2(SO_4)_3+6H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,45.98}{20\%}=220,5(g)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{220,5}{1,14}=193,42(ml)\)

a) PTHH: \(Mg+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg+H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(n_{CH_3COOH}=0,2\cdot1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,1\cdot24=2,4\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) PTHH: \(C_2H_5OH+O_2\xrightarrow[]{men}CH_3COOH+H_2O\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{C_2H_5OH}=n_{CH_3COOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddC_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot46}{8\%}=115\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{115}{0,8}=143,75\left(ml\right)\)

MgCl2+2NaOH->Mg(OH)2+2NaCl

0,5-------1-------------0,5

Mg(OH)2-to>MgO+H2O

0,5----------------0,5

m Mgcl2=47,5g

=>n Mgcl2=0,5 mol

=>m NaOH=1.40=40g

=>m ddNaOH=500g

=>m MgO=0,5.40=20g

MgCl₂ (0,5 mol) + 2NaOH (1 mol) \(\rightarrow\) Mg(OH)₂\(\downarrow\) (0,5 mol) + 2NaCl.

a) Khối lượng dung dịch NaOH cần dùng:

m=1.40.100:8=500 (g).

b) Mg(OH)₂ (0,5 mol) \(\underrightarrow{t^o}\) MgO (0,5 mol) + H₂O.

Khối lượng chất rắn MgO thu được là:

x=0,5.40=20 (g).

M₂O_n→ MCl_n →M(OH)_n

n_O/X =(105-50) /55 = 1 (mol)

Tiếp tục tăng giảm khối lượng 1Cl → 1OH

Mỗi mol Cl hoán đổi như vậy thì khối lượng giảm 18,5 gam

→ m↓ =105 – 18,5.2 = 68 gam

Chọn đáp án B